Esther 9

On the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, the edict commanded by the king was to be carried out. On this day the enemies of the Jews had hoped to overpower them, but now the tables were turned and the Jews got the upper hand over those who hated them.

وَفِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ عَشَرَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي عَشَرَ، (آذَارَ – مَارِسَ)، حِينَ آنَ أَوَانُ تَنْفِيذِ أَمْرِ الْمَلِكِ وَحُكْمِهِ، وَهُوَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيهِ أَعْدَاءُ الْيَهُودِ يَرْجُونَ التَّسَلُّطَ عَلَيْهِمِ، انْقَلَبَ المَوْقِفُ ضِدَّهُمْ، فَتَسَلَّطَ الْيَهُودُ عَلَى أَعْدَائِهِمْ.

The Jews assembled in their cities in all the provinces of King Xerxes to attack those determined to destroy them. No one could stand against them, because the people of all the other nationalities were afraid of them.

وَتَجَمَّعَ الْيَهُودُ فِي مُدُنِهِمْ فِي كُلِّ أَرْجَاءِ دِيَارِ الْمَلِكِ أَحَشْوِيرُوشَ لِيُدَافِعُوا عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ ضِدَّ السَّاعِينَ لإِيذَائِهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَجْرُؤْ أَحَدٌ عَلَى مُجَابَهَتِهِمْ لأَنَّ الرُّعْبَ مِنْهُمْ هَيْمَنَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الأُمَمِ،

And all the nobles of the provinces, the satraps, the governors and the king’s administrators helped the Jews, because fear of Mordecai had seized them.

وَقَامَ رُؤَسَاءُ الأَقَالِيمِ وَالْحُكَّامُ وَالْوُلاةُ وَوُكَلاءُ الْمَلِكِ بِمُسَاعَدَةِ الْيَهُودِ خَوْفاً مِنْ مُرْدَخَايَ،

Mordecai was prominent in the palace; his reputation spread throughout the provinces, and he became more and more powerful.

لأَنَّهُ أَصْبَحَ يَتَمَتَّعُ بِنُفُوذٍ عَظِيمٍ فِي قَصْرِ الْمَلِكِ، وَذَاعَ صِيتُهُ فِي كُلِّ الأَقَالِيمِ، بَعْدَ أَنْ تَزَايَدَتْ شُهْرَتُهُ وَعَظَمَتُهُ.

The Jews struck down all their enemies with the sword, killing and destroying them, and they did what they pleased to those who hated them.

وَقَهَرَ الْيَهُودُ جَمِيعَ أَعْدَائِهِمْ وَقَتَلُوهُمْ بِالسَّيْفِ وَأَهْلَكُوهُمْ، وَفَعَلُوا بِهِمْ مَا شَاءُوا،

In the citadel of Susa, the Jews killed and destroyed five hundred men.

فَأَبَادُوا فِي الْعَاصِمَةِ شُوشَنَ خَمْسَ مِئَةِ رَجُلٍ.

They also killed Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha,

كَمَا قَتَلُوا فَرْشَنْدَاثَا وَدَلْفُونَ وَأَسْفَاثَا،

Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha,

وَفُورَاثَا وَأَدَلْيَا وَأَرِيدَاثَا،

Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai and Vaizatha,

وَفَرْمَشْتَا وَأَرِيسَايَ وَأَرِيدَايَ وَيِزَاثَا،

the ten sons of Haman son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews. But they did not lay their hands on the plunder.

وَهُمْ عَشَرَةُ أَبْنَاءٍ لِهَامَانَ بْنِ هَمَداثَا عَدُوِّ الْيَهُودِ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُقْدِمُوا إِطْلاقاً عَلَى النَّهْبِ.

The number of those killed in the citadel of Susa was reported to the king that same day.

فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ رُفِعَ تَقْرِيرٌ بِعَدَدِ الْقَتْلَى فِي الْعَاصِمَةِ شُوشَنَ إِلَى الْمَلِكِ،

The king said to Queen Esther, “The Jews have killed and destroyed five hundred men and the ten sons of Haman in the citadel of Susa. What have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces? Now what is your petition? It will be given you. What is your request? It will also be granted.”

فَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ لأَسْتِيرَ الْمَلِكَةِ: «إنْ كَانَ الْيَهُودُ قَدْ قَتَلُوا فِي الْعَاصِمَةِ شُوشَنَ وَحْدَهَا خَمْسَ مِئَةِ رِجُلٍ، فَضْلاً عَنْ أَبْنَاءِ هَامَانَ الْعَشَرَةِ، فَكَمْ قَتَلُوا فِي بَاقِي أَقَالِيمِ الْمَلِكِ؟ وَالآنَ مَا هُوَ سُؤْلُكِ فَأُلَبِّيَهُ، وَمَا هِيَ طِلْبَتُكِ فَأَقْضِيَهَا لَكِ؟»

“If it pleases the king,” Esther answered, “give the Jews in Susa permission to carry out this day’s edict tomorrow also, and let Haman’s ten sons be impaled on poles.”

فَأَجَابَتْ: «إِنْ طَابَ لِلْمَلِكِ فَلْيُؤْذَنْ لِلْيَهُودِ فِي شُوشَنَ الْعَاصِمَةِ أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا غَداً مَا فَعَلُوهُ الْيَوْمَ وَيَصْلِبُوا أَبْنَاءَ هَامَانَ الْعَشَرَةَ عَلَى خَشَبَةٍ».

So the king commanded that this be done. An edict was issued in Susa, and they impaled the ten sons of Haman.

فَأَمَرَ الْمَلِكُ بِتَنْفِيذِ الطَّلَبِ، وَأَصْدَرَ مَرْسُوماً بِذَلِكَ فِي شُوشَنَ الْعَاصِمَةِ، وَصَلَبُوا أَبْنَاءَ هَامَانَ الْعَشَرَةَ.

The Jews in Susa came together on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar, and they put to death in Susa three hundred men, but they did not lay their hands on the plunder.

ثُمَّ اجْتَمَعَ الْيَهُودُ الْمُقِيمُونَ فِي الْعَاصِمَةِ شُوشَنَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الرَّابِعِ عَشَرَ أَيْضاً مِنْ شَهْرِ آذَارَ، وَقَتَلُوا ثَلاثَ مِئَةِ رَجُلٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُقْدِمُوا عَلَى النَّهْبِ.

Meanwhile, the remainder of the Jews who were in the king’s provinces also assembled to protect themselves and get relief from their enemies. They killed seventy-five thousand of them but did not lay their hands on the plunder.

كَمَا تَآزَرَ الْيَهُودُ الْبَاقُونَ الْمُنْتَشِرُونَ فِي أَقَالِيمِ الْمَلِكِ وَدَافَعُوا عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَاسْتَرَاحُوا مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِمْ، بَعْدَ أَنْ قَتَلُوا خَمْسَةً وَسَبْعِينَ أَلْفاً مِنْهُمْ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُقْدِمُوا عَلَى النَّهْبِ.

This happened on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar, and on the fourteenth they rested and made it a day of feasting and joy.

حَدَثَ هَذَا فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ عَشَرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ آذَارَ، وَاسْتَرَاحُوا فِي الْيَوْمِ الرَّابِعِ عَشَرَ مِنْهُ، حَيْثُ احْتَفَلُوا فِيهِ شَارِبِينَ فَرِحِينَ.

الاحتفال بالفوريم

The Jews in Susa, however, had assembled on the thirteenth and fourteenth, and then on the fifteenth they rested and made it a day of feasting and joy.

أَمَّا يَهُودُ شُوشَنَ الْعَاصِمَةِ فَقَدِ اجْتَمَعُوا لِلدِّفَاعِ عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ فِي الْيَوْمَيْنِ الثَّالِثِ عَشَرَ وَالرَّابِعِ عَشَرَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَرَاحُوا فِي الْيَوْمِ الْخَامِسِ عَشَرَ، حَيْثُ احْتَفَلُوا فِيهِ شَارِبينَ فَرِحِينَ.

That is why rural Jews—those living in villages—observe the fourteenth of the month of Adar as a day of joy and feasting, a day for giving presents to each other.

Purim Established

لِهَذَا يَحْتَفِلُ الْيَهُودُ الْمُقِيمُونَ فِي مُدُنِ الْمَنَاطِقِ الرِّيفِيَّةِ بِالْيَوْمِ الرَّابِعِ عَشَرَ مِنْ آذَارَ إِلَى هَذَا الْيَوْمِ، فَيُقِيمُونَ الْوَلائِمَ وَيَبْتَهِجُونَ وَيَتَبَادَلُونَ الْهَدَايَا.

Mordecai recorded these events, and he sent letters to all the Jews throughout the provinces of King Xerxes, near and far,

وَدَوَّنَ مُرْدَخَايُ هَذِهِ الأَحْدَاثَ، وَبَعَثَ بِرَسَائِلَ إِلَى جَمِيعِ الْيَهُودِ الْقَرِيبِينَ مِنْهُ وَالْبَعِيدِينَ، الْمُنْتَشِرِينَ فِي كُلِّ أَنْحَاءِ مَمْلَكَةِ فَارِسَ،

to have them celebrate annually the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar

يَحُثُّهُمْ عَلَى الاحْتِفَالِ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ فِي الْيَوْمَيْنِ الرَّابِعِ عَشَرَ وَالْخَامِسِ عَشَرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ آذَارَ.

as the time when the Jews got relief from their enemies, and as the month when their sorrow was turned into joy and their mourning into a day of celebration. He wrote them to observe the days as days of feasting and joy and giving presents of food to one another and gifts to the poor.

وَهُمَا الْيَوْمَانِ اللَّذَانِ اسْتَراحَ فِيهِمَا الْيَهُودُ مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِمْ، وَهُوَ الشَّهْرُ الَّذِي تَحَوَّلَ عِنْدَهُمْ مِنْ شَهْرِ حُزْنٍ إِلَى شَهْرِ فَرَحٍ، وَمِنْ نُوَاحٍ إِلَى احْتِفَالٍ، فَيَجْعَلُونَهُمَا يَوْمَيْ شُرْبٍ وَفَرَحٍ وَتَبَادُلِ هَدَايَا وَإِحْسَانٍ إِلَى الْفُقَرَاءِ.

So the Jews agreed to continue the celebration they had begun, doing what Mordecai had written to them.

فَقَبِلَ الْيَهُودُ مَا عَرَضَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مُرْدَخَايُ، وَاسْتَمَرُّوا يَحْتَفِلُونَ بِذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ،

For Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast the pur (that is, the lot) for their ruin and destruction.

تَذْكَاراً لِمُؤَامَرَةِ هَامَانَ بْنِ هَمَدَاثَا الأَجَاجِيِّ عَدُوِّ الْيَهُودِ، الَّذِي سَعَى لإِبَادَتِهِمْ، وَأَلْقَى الْقُرْعَةَ، أَيْ الْفُورَ لإِفْنَائِهِمْ وَإِهْلاكِهِمْ.

But when the plot came to the king’s attention,^[a] he issued written orders that the evil scheme Haman had devised against the Jews should come back onto his own head, and that he and his sons should be impaled on poles.

وَلَكِنْ حَالَمَا لَفَتَتْ أَسْتِيرُ انْتِبَاهَ الْمَلِكِ إِلَى الْمُؤَامَرَةِ أَصْدَرَ مَرْسُوماً ارْتَدَّ فِيهِ كَيْدُ هَامَانَ الَّذِي كَادَهُ لِلْيَهُودِ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، وَتَمَّ صَلْبُهُ مَعَ أَبْنَائِهِ عَلَى خَشَبَةٍ.

(Therefore these days were called Purim, from the word pur.) Because of everything written in this letter and because of what they had seen and what had happened to them,

لِهَذَا دُعِيَ هَذَانِ الْيَوْمَانِ فُورِيمَ عَلَى اسْمِ «الْفُورِ» مِنْ أَجْلِ مَا وَرَدَ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّسَالَةِ وَمِنْ جَرَّاءِ مَا شَاهَدُوهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَمَا أَحْدَقَ بِهِمْ مِنْ خَطَرٍ،

the Jews took it on themselves to establish the custom that they and their descendants and all who join them should without fail observe these two days every year, in the way prescribed and at the time appointed.

وَوَافَقَ الْيَهُودُ عَلَى مُمَارَسَةِ هَذَا الاحْتِفَالِ فِي حَيَاتِهِمْ، وَإِحْيَائِهِ فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِمْ وَفِي جَمِيعِ الْمُلْتَصِقِينَ بِهِمْ، لِيَظَلَّ تَذْكَاراً لَا يَزُولُ، فَيُعَيِّدُوا هَذَيْنِ الْيَوْمَيْنِ وَفْقاً لِمَا هُوَ مَكْتُوبٌ وَفِي مَوْعِدِهُمَا الْمُحَدَّدِ مِنْ كُلِّ سَنَةٍ.

These days should be remembered and observed in every generation by every family, and in every province and in every city. And these days of Purim should never fail to be celebrated by the Jews—nor should the memory of these days die out among their descendants.

وَهَكَذَا يَخْلُدُ هَذَانِ الْيَوْمَانِ وَيُحْتَفَلُ بِهِمَا مِنْ جِيلٍ إِلَى جِيلٍ، فِي كُلِّ عَشِيرَةٍ وَفِي كُلِّ إِقْلِيمٍ وَمَدِينَةٍ عَلَى مَرِّ الأَيَّامِ، فَلا يَزُولُ ذِكْرُهُمَا مِنْ بَيْنِ الْيَهُودِ وَلا يَفْنَى مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِمْ.

So Queen Esther, daughter of Abihail, along with Mordecai the Jew, wrote with full authority to confirm this second letter concerning Purim.

ثُمَّ كَتَبَتِ الْمَلِكَةُ أَسْتِيرُ ابْنَةُ أَبِيحَائِلَ وَمُرْدَخَايُ الْيَهُودِيُّ بِكُلِّ سُلْطَانٍ رِسَالَةً ثَانِيَةً إِثْبَاتاً لِرِسَالَةِ الْفُورِيمِ،

And Mordecai sent letters to all the Jews in the 127 provinces of Xerxes’ kingdom—words of goodwill and assurance—

وَبَعَثَتِ الرَّسَائِلَ إِلَى جَمِيعِ الْيَهُودِ الْمُقِيمِينَ فِي أَقَالِيمِ الْمَلِكِ أَحَشْوِيرُوشَ الْمِئَةِ وَالسَّبْعِ وَالْعِشْرِينَ، مُحَمَّلَةً بِالسَّلامِ وَالصِّدْقِ،

to establish these days of Purim at their designated times, as Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther had decreed for them, and as they had established for themselves and their descendants in regard to their times of fasting and lamentation.

وَفِيهَا حَضٌّ عَلَى الاحْتِفَالِ بِهَذَيْنِ الْيَوْمَيْنِ فِي مَوْعِدَيْهِمَا الْمُقَرَّرَيْنِ، كَمَا أَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ مُرْدَخَايُ الْيَهُودِيُّ وَالْمَلِكَةُ أَسْتِيرُ، وَكَمَا تَعَهَّدُوا هُمْ وَأَلْزَمُوا نَسْلَهُمْ بِمَوَاعِيدِ الصَّوْمِ وَالنُّوَاحِ،

Esther’s decree confirmed these regulations about Purim, and it was written down in the records.

فَأَوْجَبَ أَمْرُ أَسْتِيرَ مُمَارَسَةَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَاسِيمِ، وَتَمَّ تَدْوِينُهَا فِي دَرْجٍ.